NSAID, aspirin delays gastric ulcer healing with reduced accumulation of CXCR4+VEGFR1+ cells to the ulcer granulation tissues

BackgroundUlcer healing is a complex process, which involves cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. Several growth factors have been implicated in this process but the precise mechanism is not well understood. This study examined the involvement of VEGFR1 signaling in the gastric ulcer healing.MethodsGastric ulcers were induced by the serosal application of 100% acetic acid, and the areas of the ulcers were measured thereafter.ResultsThe healing of acetic acid induced ulcers and the progenitor cells expressing CXCR4+VEGFR1+ cell were significantly delayed in NSAID treated mice. The areas of the ulcer was significantly suppressed in tyrosine kinase-deficient VEGFR1 mice (VEGFR1TKKO) compared with wild type (WT) mice. The plasma level of SDF-1 and stem cell factor (SCF) and bone marrow level of pro-matrix metallopeptidase 9 (pro-MMP-9) were significantly reduced in VEGFR1TKKO mice. In VEGFR1 TKKOmice, the progenitor cells expressing CXCR4+VEGFR1+ cell from bone marrow and the recruitment of these cells in healing ulcer were suppressed. Furthermore, VEGFR1 TKKO mice treated with NSAID did not suppress gastric ulcer healing compared to vehicle mice. These results suggested that NSAID suppressed VEGFR1 TK signaling plays a critical role in ulcer healing through mobilization of CXCR4+VEGFR1+ cells.ConclusionVEGFR1 signaling is required for healing of NSAID induced gastric ulcer and angiogenesis with increased recruitment of CXCR4+VEGFR1+ cells to the ulcerative lesion.