Effect of resveratrol and rosuvastatin on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats

The development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) relays mainly on control of blood glucose and restrains hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress. Hence, the effect administration of resveratrol (RSV) (5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with rosuvastatin (RSU) (10 mg/kg) on development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) was evaluated. Oral treatment of diabetic rats with RSV alone or co-administered with RSU improved renal dysfunction indicated by a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urinary protein and urinary TGF-β1 when compared with diabetic control rats. Also, a significant increase in body weight, relative kidney weight with a significant decrease in serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin in diabetic treated groups when compared with diabetic control group. Hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress in diabetic control rats indicated by a significant decrease in renal activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione level with a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels. However, oral treatment of diabetic rats with RSV alone or co-administered with RSU improved the antioxidant status back to control values. Similarly, mRNA analysis of quantitative real time-PCR substantiated that RSV with RSU notably normalizes the renal expression of TGF-β1, fibronectin, NF-κB/p65, Nrf2, Sirt1 and FoxO1 in the diabetic group of rats. The histopathological observations of the combined treated diabetic rats effectively protect the kidneys from hyperglycemic-induced oxidative damage. These findings confirmed the renoprotective effects of RSV with RSU treatment through improving glycemic control and attenuating oxidative stress damage in renal tissues of diabetic rats.