Potentials and emerging trends in nanopharmacology

• Nanomaterials offer excellent scientific and industrial potentials.
• Nanotechnologies are extensively being investigated as nanomedicine.
• Biological safety of nanomaterials must be assessed.
• Nanopharmacology offers tools to monitor therapeutic index of nanotechniques.
• Safety evaluation of nanomaterials emerged the branch of science, nanotoxicology.

Nanopharmacology is a relatively newer branch of pharmacology which investigates interaction of a nanomedicine with living systems at the nanoscale level. Modern medicine is increasingly concerned with various surface modified nanocarriers, such as dendrimers, nanoparticles, carbon based nanomaterials, polymer–drug nanoconjugates, etc., which have immense therapeutic potential by target specific drug delivery, using nanoscaffolding and nanocontainers, owing to the specific physical, chemical and biological properties of these moieties that is related to their nanoscale size range. Nanopharmacology could have potential medical and pharmaceutical benefits via applications of nanotechnology in the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Nanomaterials may be expected to find application in the cardiovascular, as well as, renal arena, in the near future.