Renal artery stenosis: today's questions

Renal artery stenosis remains a challenge, not only in terms of diagnosis but also in regard to when and how to treat this disease. Diagnostic tools that seemed promising have been unmasked as unreliable, and new treatment options such as angioplasty have failed to demonstrate their superiority. In the light of these disappointments, the most fundamental question appears to be: when is a stenosis relevant and therefore clinically significant, and how to proceed from there?