Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) as novel therapeutic application in various clinical diseases

• Hypoacetylation which is partly mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC), plays a causative role in the etiology of various clinical disorders.
• HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) can restore or increase the level of histone acetylation.
• HDACis as potential novel therapeutic agents could be used alone or in adjunct to other pharmacological agents in various clinical diseases.

Accumulating evidence suggests that histone hypoacetylation which is partly mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC), plays a causative role in the etiology of various clinical disorders such as cancer and central nervous diseases. HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are natural or synthetic small molecules that can inhibit the activities of HDACs and restore or increase the level of histone acetylation, thus may represent the potential approach to treating a number of clinical disorders. This manuscript reviewed the progress of the most recent experimental application of HDACis as novel potential drugs or agents in a large number of clinical disorders including various brain disorders including neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and psychiatric diseases like depression, anxiety, fear and schizophrenia, and cancer, endometriosis and cell reprogramming in somatic cell nuclear transfer in human and animal models of disease, and concluded that HDACis as potential novel therapeutic agents could be used alone or in adjunct to other pharmacological agents in various clinical diseases.