Synthetic cathinones: Chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new class of designer drugs of abuse marketed as “bath salts” or “plant food”

In 2000s, many synthetic cathinones have received a renewed popularity as designer drugs of abuse, particularly among young people. Despite being marketed as “bath salts” or “plant food” and labeled “not for human consumption”, people utilize these substances for their amphetamine or cocaine like effects. Since the time of their appearance in the recreational drug market, in several countries have been signaled numerous confirmed cases of abuse, dependence, severe intoxication and deaths related to the consumption of synthetic cathinones. The aim of this paper is to summarize the clinical, pharmacological and toxicological information about this new class of designer drugs of abuse.

► Synthetic cathinones are a new class of designer drugs of abuse.
► These substances are marketed as “bath salts” or “plant food”.
► Cathinone derivatives are used as alternative to other illicit stimulants.
► Synthetic cathinones can produce neurological and cardiovascular toxicity.
► Literature data suggest a high risk of acute toxicity, tolerance and dependence.