Effects of repeated welding fumes exposure on the histological structure and mucins of nasal respiratory mucosa in rats

To investigate the effects of welding fumes on the histological structure and properties of mucins of the nasal respiratory mucosa, Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to manual metal arc-stainless steel (MMA-SS) welding fumes at a concentration of 56–76 mg/m3 total suspended particulates for 2 h per day in an inhalation chamber for 90 days. Experimental animals were sacrificed at 2 h, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after exposure. Loss of cilia, desquamation of epithelial cells, mucigenous epithelial cells and destruction of nasal septal glands were observed frequently in the welding fumes-exposed groups. These changes became more severe as the exposure continued. The amount of neutral mucins in goblet cells in the welding fumes-exposed group had a tendency to increase, the amount of sulfomucins decreased, while the sialomucins increased as the exposure continued. Mucinogenic epithelial cells, not visible in the control group, contained minimal to small amounts of neutral mucins. In the dorsal septal glands, neutral mucins not visible in the control group appeared, and neutral mucins in the ventral septal glands increased slightly. These results indicate that the observed changes in the properties of mucins due to inhalation of welding fumes may play roles in protection against toxicants.