Expression of 3α- and 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase mRNA in COCs and granulosa cells determines Zearalenone biotransformation

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycoestrogen found in diverse food and feed materials, particularly in corn and small grains. Following ingestion, the parent zearalenone is converted predominantly into α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) by hepatic hydroxy steroid dehydrogenases (HSD). The present study demonstrated by standard RT-PCR the expression of 3α- and 3β-HSD also in porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and granulosa cells isolated form cumulus oocyte complexes. Analysis of the rate of bioconversion of zearalenone (ZEA) by the cultured granulose cells showed the extra-hepatic production of both hydroxy metabolites of ZEA with α-ZOL being the dominating metabolites as previously observed in incubations with liver microsomes. The endogenous steroids 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), and progesterone (PGTN), both known substrates for 3α-HSD inhibited the conversion of ZEA into α-ZOL. In the presence of pregnelonone (PGN), a major substrate for 3β-HSD only a slight inhibitory effect on the apparent β-ZOL formation could be observed.In conclusion, these data indicate that both 3α- and 3β-HSDs are expressed in porcine COCs and GCs, whereas the biotransformation experiments confirm the involvement of these enzymes in the extra-hepatic biotransformation of ZEA.