Prise en charge périopératoire du syndrome d'apnée obstructive du sommeil de l'adulte

Obstructive sleep apnea, caused by an increased pharyngal collapsibility, is defined as the occurrence of more than five apnea or hypopnea per hour of sleep. The patients, whom obstructive sleep apnea is most of the time unknown, are exposed to increased adverse outcomes such as respiratory failure, unplanned ICU admission, myocardial infarction and longer hospital stay. Special attention should be paid to the detection of patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea, using specific questionnaires such as the STOP-BANG questionnaire. High-risk patients require appropriate management, according the choice of the anesthesic technique, the airway management technique, the limitation of hypnotics and opioids use, a prolonged monitoring in the postoperative care unit. Systematic and prolonged postoperative administration of oxygen and continuous positive airway pressure use are recommended to reduce respiratory and cardiac complications.