Risk and resilience assessment of bridges under mainshock and aftershocks incorporating uncertainties

• The effects of aftershocks on risk and resilience are investigated.
• Uncertainties are incorporated within the assessment process.
• Aftershocks have great influence on repair loss and residual functionality.
• Proposed approach improves decision on bridge seismic risk mitigation.

The non-functionality of bridges after the occurrence of a sudden hazard can significantly impact highway transportation systems and affect the recovery process. Seismic risk assessment is particularly important for the rapid decision making process associated with structures under mainshock and aftershock sequences. In this paper, a framework for probabilistic seismic performance assessment of highway bridges subjected to mainshock and aftershocks is presented. The seismic ground motion intensity, seismic vulnerability analysis of bridges, and consequences evaluation under mainshock and aftershock sequences are considered herein along with their associated uncertainties. The recovery functions associated with different damage states are integrated within the proposed functionality assessment procedure. Additionally, the probabilistic direct loss, indirect loss, and resilience of bridges under seismic hazard are investigated. The assessment of probabilistic risk and resilience of highway bridges under mainshock and aftershock sequences can aid in implementing risk mitigation strategies and equip decision makers with a better understanding of structural performance under seismic hazard.