Numerical analysis of a masonry façade subject to tunnelling-induced settlements

• A semi-coupled approach to model tunnelling-induced structural damage is presented.
• Cracking models for masonry and non-linear soil–structure interface are included.
• A new sequentially linear analysis scheme for non-proportional loading is applied.
• An experimental test performed on a masonry façade is used for validation.
• Sensitivity studies show the effect of material cracking and soil–structure interface.

This paper presents a semi-coupled approach for the modelling of the response of masonry buildings subjected to tunnelling-induced settlements. The 2D finite element model includes a continuum cracking model for the masonry material and a non-linear interface accounting for the soil and foundation stiffness. A new sequentially linear analysis scheme for non-proportional loading is also applied. The modelling approach has been validated by comparison with the results of an experimental test performed on a 1/10th scaled masonry façade. The results proved the capability of the continuum model to accurately reproduce the crack pattern and the deformation of the tested structure. A sensitivity study has been performed to evaluate the influence of building cracking and soil–structure interface parameters. The high dependency of the structural response on the material cracking and soil–structure interface stiffness indicates that the presented model can be used to perform extensive parametric analyses to improve the existent damage design curves.