L'étiquetage nutritionnel : entre réglementations et controverses

Nutrition labeling is used in many countries with the aim to guide consumers towards healthier food choices. There are two forms of nutrition labeling: the table of nutritional values and graphic representations (i.e. logos), both of which are governed by the EU regulation on consumer information (INCO). (1) The table of nutritional values is now mandatory on all pre-packaged foods. It is a standardized nutritional information on energy value and the amounts of fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates, sugars, protein and salt expressed per 100 g or 100 mL of product. (2) Logos are graphics or symbols used on a voluntary basis, generally placed in front of the packs. Most carry a value judgment on the nutritional quality of food. This judgment is based on a set of numeric criteria called nutrient profile systems. The French government, through the new national health law and in accordance with European legislation, plans to combine the labeling of nutritional values with a simple and intuitive front of pack logo. Two simplified labeling systems are proposed respectively by a group of scientific societies and by the national federation of trade and distribution, but they have become a strong controversy in France.