Modulation des lipides du cerveau par l'alimentation : études chez des modèles animaux de maladies neurodégénératives

Numerous studies in animals have confirmed that the lipid content of the brain mirrors the dietary intake. Since most brain lipids are neuroactive, it then appears possible to modulate brain function through the choice of lipids in the diet. Epidemiological investigations and preclinical studies in animal models suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 3 can be used to prevent Alzheimer's disease. However, specific expression of the ɛ4 apolipoprotein isoform appears to neutralize cerebral benefits of omega 3 fatty acids, possibly by reducing its transport though the blood-brain barrier. At the opposite, excessive consumption of total fats exerts a deleterious effect on the neuropathological markers of Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the accumulated scientific evidence suggests that a judicious selection of dietary fatty acids, in terms of both quality and quantity, deserves further study in the prevention of brain diseases. Given the current lack of effective pharmaceutical treatment, the development of an anti-Alzheimer nutraceutical approach seems achievable.