Beeinflussung der Knochendichte der Lendenwirbelsäule durch Sport: Ein systematischer Literatur-Review

SummaryThe study summarizes the relation between sports and bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine, according to the principles of evidence based medicine.Medline, Cochran-Library, the Centre of Evidence based Medicine (EBM) at Oxford and the sports science databases Spolit, Spofor and Spowis were searched with the key words: „sports, spine, bone, mineral, BMD, density“.According to EBM criteria, 24 prospective cohort studies and 31 case control studies were included into the analysis. Sex dependent evaluation demonstrated a significant increase in BMD for force training, gymnastics and sport dancing. For male the increase of BMD was highest for power training, followed by volleyball, rowing and climbing.The cohort studies demonstrated none ore only a slight increase in BMD, however, compared to the control group, the loss of BMD over time was diminished significantly. The most significant effect in male and female was seen in force related sports.There is level I evidence, that sports with high maximal force can reduce the natural loss of BMD over time. Groups exercising force related sports had a higher BMD than inactive persons.