Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Calcinosis: A Case Report of Rituximab-Induced Regression of CREST-Related Calcinosis and Review of the Literature

ObjectivesCalcinosis is frequently encountered in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and may be associated with significant morbidity. No treatment has shown so far an unequivocal beneficial effect.MethodsWe performed an extensive internet search (MEDLINE) using the keywords calcinosis, calcification, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, and treatment.ResultsOur patient had extensive Calcinosis, Raynaud, Esophagitis, Sclerodactyly, telangiectasia (CREST)-related calcinosis, frequently ulcerating and painful. Following 2 rituximab courses (consisting of 4 weekly infusions, 375 mg/m2 each), calcinosis significantly improved and pain disappeared. Pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of SSc-associated calcinosis include diltiazem, minocycline, warfarin, biphosphonates, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Other therapeutic approaches include surgical excision, laser vaporization, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.ConclusionsEvidence for all existing therapies is weak and therefore larger scale controlled studies are needed. Rituximab appears as a promising treatment especially in view of recent evidence that this therapy may be also effective in the underlying disease.