The association between in utero hyperinsulinemia and adolescent arterial stiffness

AimTo determine the relationship between in utero hyperinsulinemia and children's arterial stiffness at adolescence.MethodsIndices of arterial stiffness were measured using the SphygmoCor apparatus in 129 adolescents (42 offsprings of mother with gestational diabetes and 87 offsprings of mother with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy) at 15 years of age.ResultsAdolescent of mothers with gestational diabetes had similar central aortic blood pressure, augmentation pressure (AP), augmentation index (AI), and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) as that of controls. However, both umbilical cord C-peptide and insulin levels correlated positively AI (R = 0.28 and 0.24; p = 0.011 and 0.035, respectively), and umbilical insulin level correlated positively with AP (R = 0.25; p = 0.025). The correlations were significant between umbilical cord C-peptide and AP (R = 0.24; p = 0.035) and AI (R = 0.29; p = 0.011) after adjustment for subjects’ age, sex, body weight and height. Adolescents who had umbilical cord C-peptide levels at highest quartile (n = 25), based on the reference ranges of the original cohort, had a significant greater PWV (5.26 ± 0.12 m/s vs 4.98 ± 0.12 m/s; p = 0.0049) than those with C-peptide levels at the lower 3 quartiles (n = 57) after adjustment for age, sex, body weight and height.ConclusionsIn utero hyperinsulinemia appears to increase the offspring's arterial stiffness at early adolescence.