Photophysical and photochemical properties of tetrasulfonated silicon and germanium phthalocyanine in aqueous and non-aqueous media

The photophysical and photochemical properties of tetrasulfonated silicon and germanium phthalocyanine (SiPcS4 and GePcS4) in aqueous solution (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, pH 7.4) (in the presence and absence of cremophore EL (CEL)) and in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) were studied. The complexes have intense absorption in the visible/near-IR region though they highly aggregate in aqueous solution with a dimerization constant of ∼2 × 104 dm3 mol−1. The fluorescence excitation spectra however have only one band suggesting that only the monomer fluoresces. Both the quantum yields of the triplet state (ΦT) and the triplet lifetimes (τT) were found to be higher in DMSO compared to in aqueous solution. Aggregation is hindered by addition of cremophore EL in aqueous solution and this induced disaggregation caused an increased ΦT and τT probably due to the reduced interaction of the phthalocyanines with the aqueous medium in the presence of CEL.