Dipeptydil peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Background and AimThe role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is debated; many recent trials, which were not included in previous meta-analyses, could add relevant information.Methods and ResultsAll available randomized controlled trials (RCTs), either published or unpublished, performed in type 2 diabetic patients with DPP-4 inhibitors, with a duration >12 weeks were meta-analyzed for HbA1c, BMI, hypoglycemia, and other adverse events. A total of 41 RCTs (9 of which are unpublished) was retrieved and included in the analysis. Gliptins determine a significant improvement of HbA1c in comparison with a placebo (−0.7 [−0.8:−0.6]), with a low risk of hypoglycemia. DPP-4 inhibitors show a similar efficacy in monotherapy and in combination with other agents. The risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause death with DPP-4 inhibitors is 0.76 [0.46–1.28] and 0.78 [0.40–1.51], respectively.ConclusionsDPP-4 inhibitors reduce HbA1c, although to a lesser extent than sulphonylureas, with no weight gain and no hypoglycemic risk; further data are needed to assess their long-term safety.