Are C2 pars-pedicle screws alone for type II Hangman's fracture overrated?

• Multiple options are available for management of Type II Hangman Fractures.
• C2 pars-pedicle screws alone have been used in recent past, but exact translation is not clear.
• Such technique in translation >4.5 mm has shown persistent angular instability, focal kyphosis or C2–3 fusion.
• For Type II hangman fracture with translation >4.5 mm, C2–3 fusion may be better.

Background/objectThe recent trend for treatment of certain cases of type II Hangman's fracture has been towards motion preserving surgery. This is claimed to be achieved with placement of pedicle screws across the fracture fragments. However, the long term outcome in clinical scenario is not yet clear, neither are the factors determining suitability of such a technique.Materials and methodsWe have retrospectively analyzed the results of 11 patients of type II Hangman's fracture, according to the extent of translation. Nine patients underwent stabilization of fracture with C2 pedicle screws and 2 were managed with halo immobilization. The conservative management failed in one and this patient underwent internal fixation using pars-pedicle screw as well. The long term clinical and radiological (CT and dynamic X-rays) outcome was analyzed.ResultsAll patients including the one with halo immobilization, showed solid fusion across the fracture fragments. With the exception of one patient none had any clinical symptoms. This lone patient complained of restricted neck movements. Three different types of radiological results were observed. Two patients with translation >8 mm showed C2–3 body fusion. Three of 6 patients with minimal translational (3–4 mm) showed facet fusion. Three patients with moderate translational dislocation (4.5–5.5 mm) showed persisting C2–3 angular instability.ConclusionsThe C2 pedicle screw is a good technique for osteosynthesis. However, the claimed long term advantage of motion segment preservation with this technique remains doubtful. It may be suitable for those fractures with minimal translation (<4 mm), where the superiority of surgery, itself, over external immobilization is questionable. C2–3 fusion is preferable for those fractures with translation >4 mm as these are unstable and C2 pedicle screws alone are likely to have less desirable results.