کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
3041395 | 1184774 | 2009 | 4 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
ObjectiveCigarette smoking has been proposed as a protective factor against Parkinson's disease (PD); however it is not known whether smoking also delays its onset.MethodsWe conducted a long-term study of 247 patients with idiopathic PD to determine whether smoking and other factors influence its onset and development.ResultsThe mean age at disease onset was 57 ± 9 years. In smokers, the intensity and age at which exposure occurred did not modify the beginning of symptoms. Only female gender (p = 0.005) and low educational level (p = 0.03) showed a statistical association in the multivariate analysis with a delayed onset of symptoms.ConclusionOur results suggest that females have a delayed onset of symptoms, possibly related to the gonadotropin profile of our population upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. The effect of low educational level may be related to a delayed diagnosis, rather than a true delay of disease onset. This report suggests an influence of gender on the onset of Parkinson's disease.
Journal: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - Volume 111, Issue 9, November 2009, Pages 738–741