Long-term neuropsychological follow-up of a child with Klüver–Bucy syndrome

We describe the case of a 10-year-old girl who developed behavioral changes consistent with Klüver–Bucy Syndrome following Listeria meningoencephalitis at 2½ years of age. MRI at age 4 revealed evidence of diffuse brain atrophy with predominant temporal lobe involvement. Electroencephalograpy at 9½ years of age showed abnormal electrical discharges from the left temporal area. Follow-up MRI with volumetric analysis of the mesial temporal structures at 9 years of age demonstrated decreased hippocampal volume bilaterally. Consistent with the morphological abnormalities, serial neuropsychological evaluations demonstrated expressive and receptive language impairment and an amnestic syndrome that significantly decreased her ability to make new declarative memories and maintain adequate academic progress.