Multiple intracranial cavernous malformations: clinical features and treatment

BackgroundAlthough patients with MCMs have increasingly been found in clinics, little has been focused on them. Thus, we intended to investigate these patients' clinical presentations, family history, radiological characters, and treatment strategy.MethodsA retrospective review of the files and family investigations were conducted for 30 patients with MCMs. All patients underwent MRI examination. Symptomatic patients underwent the surgical treatment with image-guided technique.ResultsThere were 19 male and 11 female patients with a total 79 lesions. The common presentations were seizures, hemorrhages, or focal neurological deficits. Nine patients had positive or doubtful family history. The FLAIR sequence of MRI showed the highest sensitivity in the detection of CM lesions. In 27 symptomatic patients with 69 lesions, total removal was achieved in 19 patients with 48 lesions. In the other 8 patients with 21 lesions, 13 lesions were removed. Preoperative symptoms were improved in 21 patients and unchanged in 5. Preoperative neurological deficits temporarily worsened in one, and a new onset of seizure occurred in other one; but both gradually improved during the follow-up period. Among 3 patients with asymptomatic MCMs, one patient had hemorrhage during the follow-up period and underwent surgical operation.ConclusionsBecause a high frequency of family CM occurs in MCMs, a detailed family investigation is mandatory for each patient with MCM. Selection of higher sensitive MRI sequence would contribute to detection of more CM lesions. Microsurgery assisted with the neuroimaging techniques is the treatment of choice for symptomatic MCMs.