CD44 expression and its relationship with MMP-9, clinicopathological factors and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma

SummaryWe investigated the expression of CD44 and MMP-9 in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and evaluated their association with each other and clinicopathological factors as well as their prognostic value during long term follow up. Histological samples from 138 OSCC patients were immunohistochemically stained for the expression of CD44 and MMP-9. The staining results were compared with conventional prognostic factors and their impacts to patients’ prognosis were also studied with survival analyses. Irregular staining of CD44 in tumour cells was associated with poor tumour differentiation (p = 0.003), higher clinical stage (III–IV) (p = 0.049), and the presence of T3-4 tumour stage (p = 0.03). Strong stromal MMP-9 staining intensity was correlated with poor tumour differentiation (p = 0.03). In univariate survival analysis irregular staining of CD44 in tumour cells was related to poor disease free and overall survival (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis CD44 staining was a significant independent predictor for overall (p = 0.03) and disease free survival (p = 0.003). MMP-9 expression showed no statistical significance in survival analyses. Strong stromal staining intensity of MMP-9 correlated with irregular staining of CD44 in tumour cells, but had no prognostic significance in the present cohort. However, irregular staining of CD44 predicted more advanced disease and shortened survival of the patients.