Sleep disorders in individuals without sleep apnea increase the risk of peripheral arterial disorder: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study

• Sleep problems may contribute to the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
• Non-apnea sleep disorder is an independent risk factor for acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke.
• Our finding supports that non-apnea sleep disorder is a risk factor for developing peripheral arterial disease.

Study objectivesPrevious literature lacks the analysis of non-apnea sleep disorder (NASD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between NASD and risk of developing PAD using retrospective data from a national database in Taiwan.Design, setting, and participantsWe identified 46,064 patients with NASD using the catastrophic illness registry of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 1996 to 2010. We also selected a comparison cohort of 92,128 subjects who were randomly frequency-matched by age, sex, and entry year of the NASD cohort from the same database.Interventionsnon-apnea sleep disorders.Main outcome and measurementsThe study followed up all subjects from their entry date to the occurrence of PAD. We evaluated the risks of PAD using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The survival function for PAD was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe risk of PAD was 1.49-fold in patients with NASD compared with patients without NASD after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities. Patients with NASD and diabetes or with NASD and hyperlipidemia had an increased risk of PAD compared to those without NASD and diabetes or hyperlipidemia.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the significantly increased risk of PAD in NASD patients through a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.