The role of X-linked FOXP3 in the autoimmune susceptibility of Turner Syndrome patients

Turner Syndrome patients have an absent second sex chromosome and a predisposition to autoimmune disease. We hypothesized that the autoimmune susceptibility in Turner Syndrome may be due to an alteration in the expression of the X-linked FOXP3 gene. FOXP3 is important in the development of regulatory T cells, and complete loss of FOXP3 expression has been shown to result in severe autoimmunity. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the regulatory T cells and performed immunophenotyping on the peripheral blood leukocytes of a cohort of Turner Syndrome patients. These patients retained regulatory T cell frequency and function despite an increased prevalence of autoimmunity. Immunophenotyping revealed a decrease in the ratio of CD4 to CD8 lymphocytes. These findings suggest that the autoimmune predisposition in Turner Syndrome is not due to alterations in regulatory T cells but may be associated with a change in the proportion of T cell subsets.