Hyaline vascular Castleman's disease (HVCD) mimicking lung metastasis of renal carcinoma: A case report and literature review

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by atypical lymph node follicular hyperplasia. Subsequential occurrence of CD and cancers has been rarely reported and interpretations of the relationship are contentious. An asymptomatic 70-year-old man was found to have a left-sided hilar mass during routine follow-up after a radical right nephrectomy for clear cell carcinoma, raising suspicions of lung metastasis. Because there was no sign of recurrence in the original operative region, he underwent wedge resection of the left lung and lymph nodes dissection. Histology showed typical features of HVCD. Herein, we emphasize careful histopathology and complete resection of CD. We speculate that subsequential occurrence of CD and cancers may not be coincidental and warrants further exploration.