Therapeutic hyperthermia: The old, the new, and the upcoming

• Hyperthermia continues to show clinical benefits in randomized trials across a spectrum of malignancies, with generally well-tolerated side effects when administered as multimodality therapy.
• Hyperthermia contributes direct tumor cell killing and may also enhance the antitumor effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
• Its widespread adoption has been impeded by technological and delivery barriers that are now being addressed through new commercial solutions.
• It would serve physicians of all on cological disciplines to stay informed of new developments and consider integrating these promising techniques into their practice.

Hyperthermia has long been used for cancer treatment, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Its efficacy and versatility continue to be well demonstrated in randomized trials across a number of primary cancers, but barriers to its widespread adoption persist including effective delivery and verification systems. This article describes hyperthermia, details its biological mechanisms of action and immunological effects, and summarizes select preclinical data and key clinical trials combining hyperthermia with standard cancer treatments. Current challenges and emerging technologies that have the potential to make this translational therapy more accessible to a greater number of patients are also described.