Prognostic factors and complication rates for double-filtration plasmapheresis in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that could lead to disabilities if not properly treated. There are only limited data on the prognostic factors and complications when using double-filtration plasmapheresis in these patients. We reviewed the medical records of 60 GBS patients who underwent double-filtration plasmapheresis as the first-line therapy at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The severity of disease was evaluated at different time points using disability scores. Functional outcome was defined as good (GBS disability score 0 to 2) or poor (GBS disability score 3 to 6) at 28 days after admission. The cohort included 22 women and 38 men with a mean age of 50 ± 18 years. In univariate logistic regression analysis, potential factors associated with poor outcome include an older age (P = 0.101), the absence of preceding respiratory tract infection (P = 0.043), mechanical ventilation (P = 0.016), a lower hematocrit (p = 0.072), a lower serum sodium level (P = 0.153) and a higher disability score on admission (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, a higher disability score on admission was associated with a poorer outcome (OR, 5.61; 95% CI, 2.34 to 13.43; P < 0.001), whereas the presence of prodromal upper respiratory tract infection correlated with a better outcome (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.59; P = 0.009). Among 60 patients, eleven (18.3%) have various complications attributed to plasmapheresis treatment. Six patients (10.0%) developed deep vein thrombosis and two experienced catheter-related infection (3.3%). Hypotension, allergy and hemolysis occurred in one patient each (1.7%). In conclusion, we describe our experiences of using DFPP in the treatment of GBS. The pretreatment severity score was the most significant predictor of treatment outcome, suggesting that early referral and timely treatment are important. Potential complications such as catheter-related infection and deep vein thrombosis should be monitored carefully.