Comparison of the efficacy of peripheral blood stem cell mobilization using G-CSF alone from healthy donors and patients with hematologic malignancies

Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone is superior to the combination of chemotherapy and G-CSF in terms of low morbidity, short duration of mobilization and low cost. We retrospectively compared the results of PBSC collection using G-CSF alone in 11 patients with malignant lymphoma (ML), 23 patients with plasma cell neoplasms (PCN) and 48 healthy donors. The geometric mean number of CD34+ cells/kg obtained on the first day of collection was 0.99 × 106/kg in ML patients, 2.26 × 106/kg in PCN patients, and 3.36 × 106/kg in healthy donors. The probability of collecting at least 1 × 106/kg CD34+ cells/kg during a single course of apheresis was 90.9% in ML patients, 95.7% in PCN patients, and 100% in healthy donors. In a multiple regression analysis of the CD34+ cell yields on the first day of apheresis, we identified disease, the baseline white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, and lactate dehydrogenase as independent significant variables. Particularly, disease was strongly associated with the CD34+ cell yield, probably due to the difference in the number of previous chemotherapy cycles. In conclusion, the minimal dose of CD34+ cells for autologous transplantation was collected in almost all patients with hematological malignancies. However, patients who have received repeated cycles of chemotherapy, such as patients with ML, and those who have low WBC counts and/or platelet counts may be at higher risk for poor mobilization.