Age and gender differences in social anxiety symptoms during adolescence: The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) as a measure

The aim of the present study was to examine age and gender differences in social anxiety symptoms during adolescence, and to investigate the psychometrics of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) among adolescents. The SPIN was administered to a large general population sample (n = 5252) of Finnish adolescents aged 12–16 years. Age and gender trends in scores and internal consistency and factorial composition of the SPIN were examined in this sample. The test–retest reliability of the SPIN was examined in a smaller sample of adolescents (n = 802). Results showed that girls scored higher than boys on the SPIN full scale and three subscales across the whole age range. Eighth graders (14- to 15-year-olds) scored higher than seventh and ninth graders on the full scale, for boys the differences were significant. Good test–retest reliability (r = 0.81), and internal consistency (alpha = 0.89) were found for the SPIN. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) performed on a random half (n = 2625) of the population sample yielded a one-factor model accounting for 38% of the variance between items. This one-factor model, plus an alternative three-factor model, were examined in the holdout half of the population sample (n = 2627) by means of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Some support was gained for both factor structures. Our results indicate that symptoms of social phobia may increase in mid-adolescence. The SPIN appears to be a reliable self-report instrument among adolescents.