Late presentation of HIV disease and its associated factors among newly diagnosed patients before and after abolition of a government policy of mass mandatory screening

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for late presentation in the Republic of Korea, where massive mandatory screening for HIV infection was conducted by the government until the late 1990s.MethodsData over the period 1987–2008 were analyzed from HIV patients for whom records of CD4 cell counts within 3 months of HIV diagnosis were available. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis including demographic and clinical variables, we examined factors associated with late presentation, defined as having a CD4 cell count of less than 200 cells/mm3 at the time of diagnosis.ResultsOf a total of 994 patients with a new diagnosis of HIV infection, 405 (41%) were late presenters. As the proportion of patients diagnosed by mandatory screening decreased over time (31% in 1987–1998 versus 8% in 1999–2008, P < 0.001), the proportion of late presenters increased (31% in 1987–1998 versus 43% in 1999–2008, P = 0.007). The independent risk factors for late presentation were older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], per increase of 10 years, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.49; P < 0.001), male sex (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.03–2.95; P = 0.040), negativity for VDRL (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.16–2.14; P = 0.003), and diagnosis after 1999 (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.05–2.56; P = 0.031).ConclusionsOlder age, male sex, negativity for VDRL, and diagnosis after 1999, were associated with late presentation, and the proportion of late presenters increased after the mandatory testing policy was abolished.