TpeL-producing strains of Clostridium perfringens type A are highly virulent for broiler chicks

Clostridium perfringens type A and type C are causative agents of necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry. TpeL, a recently-described novel member of the family of large clostridial cytotoxins, was found in C. perfringens type C. Others have since reported TpeL in type A isolates from NE outbreaks, suggesting that it may contribute to the pathogenesis of NE. The virulence of TpeL-positive and -negative C. perfringens strains from cases of NE was examined by challenge of broiler chicks. Gross lesions typical of NE were observed in all challenged birds, and those inoculated with TpeLpos strains had higher average macroscopic lesion scores than those inoculated with a TpeLneg strain. Infection with TpeLpos strains may yield disease with a more rapid course and higher case fatality rate. Thus, TpeL may potentiate the effect of other virulence attributes of NE strains of C. perfringens. However, TpeLpos and Tpelneg strains compared here were not isogenic, and definitive results await the production and testing of specific TpeL mutants.