Microbial amyloids – functions and interactions within the host

The aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibers is a common characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases. Amyloid formation was originally characterized in these systems and is traditionally viewed as a consequence of protein misfolding and aggregation. An emerging field of study brings functional amyloids, like those produced by bacteria, into the scientific mainstream, and demonstrates a ubiquitous role for amyloids in living systems. This review aims to summarize what is known about the bacterial amyloids and their interactions within various host environments.

► Numerous examples of functional amyloids are emerging in diverse bacterial species.
► Bacterial functional amyloids facilitate a multitude of interactions with the host.
► Functions of bacterial amyloids include roles in: biofilm development, toxin storage, sporulation, and modulation of the immune response.