Cardiovascular and metabolic risk in outpatients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics: Results of the CLAMORS Study

AimTo assess the prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in patients treated with antipsychotics.MethodsRetrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study in which 117 Spanish psychiatrists (the CLAMORS Study Collaborative Group) recruited consecutive outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform or Schizoaffective Disorder, receiving antipsychotic treatment for at least 12 weeks. CHD risk was assessed by SCORE (10-year CV death) and Framingham (10-year all CHD events) function. MS was defined by at least 3 of the following components: waist circumference > 102 (men)/> 88 (women) cm; triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dl (men)/< 50 mg/dl (women); blood pressure ≥ 130/85; fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl.Results1452 evaluable patients (863 men, 60.9%), aged 40.7 ± 12.2 years (mean ± SD) were included. MS was present in 24.6% [23.6% (men), 27.2% (women); p = 0.130)]. The overall 10-year risks were 0.9 ± 1.9 (SCORE) and 7.2 ± 7.6 (Framingham). 8% (95%CI: 6.5–9.5) and 22.1% (95%CI: 20.0–24.3) of patients showed a high/very high risk according to SCORE (≥ 3%) and Framingham (≥ 10%) function. Abdominal obesity and low HDL-cholesterol were more prevalent in women: 54.5% (95%CI: 50.2–58.9) versus 34.3% (95%CI: 31.0–37.7), and 46.1% (95%CI: 41.4) versus 28.5 (95%CI: 50.8), p < 0.001 in both cases. Hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia were more prevalent in men: 59.0% (95%CI: 55.7–62.3) versus 46.0% (95%CI: 41.8–50.2), and 40.7% (95%CI: 37.2–44.2) versus 32.4 (95%CI: 28.3–36.5), p < 0.01 in both cases.ConclusionsCHD risk and MS prevalences among patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics were in the same range as the Spanish general population 10 to 15 years older.