Macrophage scavenger receptor down-regulates mycobacterial cord factor-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by alveolar and hepatic macrophages

We aimed to reveal the regulatory function of macrophage scavenger receptor-A (MSR-A) in proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages stimulated with mycobacterial cord factor (CF). By the culture with CF, MSR-A (+/+) alveolar macrophages and Kupffer cells produced TNF-α/MIP-1α in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, the amounts of cytokines produced by them were much less compared to those produced by MSR-A (−/−) macrophages. Consistent with this, treatment of MSR-A (+/+) macrophages with anti-MSR-A antibody increased TNF-α production. Binding of CF to MSR-A was demonstrated by measuring the binding affinity. These results indicate that CF binds MSR-A, and MSR-A down-regulates TNF-α/MIP-1α production by activated macrophages, suggesting the role of this receptor in suppression of excessive inflammatory responses during mycobacterial infection.