Prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients eligible for retreatment regimen in Togo using GeneXpert MTB/RIF

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is emerging as an important health problem in Togo. From sputum of previously treated TB patients, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB was diagnosed in 24% (10/42) patients via GeneXpert MTB/RIF compared to 25% (6/24) patients via conventional drug susceptibility testing (BACTEC MGIT 960 system). The agreement between these two methods to detect MDR-TB is excellent. However, GeneXpert MTB/RIF offers the advantage of rapidly detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in sputum samples in instances where the cultures are negative (33%, 14/42) or contaminated (9.5%, 4/42). GeneXpert MTB/RIF permitted us to estimate the prevalence of MDR-TB in previously treated TB patients and to improve TB diagnostics among HIV-positive and -negative patients in Togo, where culturing M. tuberculosis complex from sputum samples is challenging.