کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
3422030 1226712 2014 10 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Discovering new indicators of fecal pollution
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
کشف شاخص های جدید آلودگی مدفوع
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری ایمنی شناسی و میکروب شناسی میکروب شناسی
چکیده انگلیسی


• Microbiome research affords new opportunities for choosing indicators of fecal pollution.
• Highly resolved 16S rRNA gene sequences reveal host patterns in closely related organisms.
• Bacteriodales and Clostridiales are rich in host-specific indicators.

Fecal pollution indicators are essential to identify and remediate contamination sources and protect public health. Historically, easily cultured facultative anaerobes such as fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, or enterococci have been used but these indicators generally provide no information as to their source. More recently, molecular methods have targeted fecal anaerobes, which are much more abundant in humans and other mammals, and some strains appear to be associated with particular host sources. Next-generation sequencing and microbiome studies have created an unprecedented inventory of microbial communities associated with fecal sources, allowing reexamination of which taxonomic groups are best suited as informative indicators. The use of new computational methods, such as oligotyping coupled with well-established machine learning approaches, is providing new insights into patterns of host association. In this review we examine the basis for host-specificity and the rationale for using 16S rRNA gene targets for alternative indicators and highlight two taxonomic groups, Bacteroidales and Lachnospiraceae, which are rich in host-specific bacterial organisms. Finally, we discuss considerations for using alternative indicators for water quality assessments with a particular focus on detecting human sewage sources of contamination.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: - Volume 22, Issue 12, December 2014, Pages 697–706
نویسندگان
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