Identification and pathogenicity of a natural reassortant between a very virulent serotype 1 infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and a serotype 2 IBDV

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an economically important, immunosuppressive disease in chickens. There are two serotypes of the virus that contain a bi-segmented double-stranded RNA genome. In December 2008, the first very virulent (vv)IBDV was identified in California, USA and in 2009 we isolated reassortant viruses in two different locations. Genome segment A of these reassortants was typical of vvIBDV serotype 1 but genome segment B was most similar to IBDV serotype 2. The CA-K785 reassortant caused 20% mortality in chickens but no morbidity or mortality in commercial turkey poults despite being infectious. There have been previous reports of natural reassortants between vvIBDV and other serotype 1 strains, but a natural reassortant between IBDV serotypes 1 and 2 has not been described. The apparent reassorting of California vvIBDV with an endemic serotype 2 virus indicates a common host and suggests vvIBDV may have entered California earlier than originally thought.