Receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against MERS-CoV

• We discuss current status of MERS vaccine development.
• We illustrate strategies for developing MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccines.
• We propose a future direction for developing MERS vaccines.
• It provides guideline for developing safe and effective MERS-CoV vaccines.

Development of effective vaccines, in particular, subunit-based vaccines, against emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) will provide the safest means of preventing the continuous spread of MERS in humans and camels. This review briefly describes the structure of the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD), discusses the current status of MERS vaccine development and illustrates the strategies used to develop RBD-based subunit vaccines against MERS. It also summarizes currently available animal models for MERS-CoV and proposes a future direction for MERS vaccines. Taken together, this review will assist researchers working to develop effective and safe subunit vaccines against MERS-CoV and any other emerging coronaviruses that might cause future pandemics.