A dynamic longitudinal examination of social media use, needs, and gratifications among college students

This study extends the U&G theoretical perspective to account for the situated, adaptive, and dynamic nature of mediated cognition and behavior. It specifies dynamic uses and gratifications of social media (compared to other media) in the everyday lives of college students using experience sampling data across 4 weeks. The study tests and quantifies reciprocal causal relationships between needs, social media use, and gratifications, as well as their self-sustaining endogenous (i.e., feedback) effects. Social media use is significantly driven by all four categories of needs examined (emotional, cognitive, social, and habitual), but only gratifies some of them. Ungratified needs accumulate over time and drive subsequent social media use. Interpersonal social environments also affect social media use. In particular, solitude and interpersonal support increase social media use, and moderate the effects of needs on social media use.

► Dynamic uses and gratifications of social media in the everyday lives over time.
► Reciprocal influences between needs, social media use, and gratifications.
► Ungratified needs accumulate over time and drive subsequent social media use.
► Solitude and interpersonal support increase social media use.
► They also moderate the effects of needs on social media use.