Development and validation of the Relationship and Motivation (REMO) scale to assess students' perceptions of peers and teachers as motivators in adolescence

Factor analyses of a newly developed measure designed to measure early adolescents' perceptions of peers and teachers as sources of scholastic motivation were conducted with a diverse sample of 7th and 8th grade students (N = 1088) in secondary schools. The Relationship and Motivation (REMO) scales measure perceptions of peers (P-REMO) and teachers (T-REMO) as motivators of school performance. Analyses confirmed a two-factor solution for the teacher items and a three-factor solution for the peer items, with acceptable internal consistency, and along hypothesized conceptual dimensions. Students' scores on the REMO were significantly associated with different aspects of academic achievement motivation and achievement goal orientation. Results indicate that the REMO scales are robust and well-suited for use in research on achievement and motivation in schools.

► We developed and validated a new measure called REMO (Relationship and Motivation).
► Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (SEM) were conducted.
► Sample of 7th and 8th grade students (N = 1089) in secondary schools
► The P-REMO scale measures adolescents' perceptions of peers as motivators in school.
► The T-REMO scale measures adolescents' perceptions of teachers as motivators in school.