Outcomes in adolescents and adults with autism: A review of the literature

Since Kanner's first account of children with autism, there has been extensive research into the presentation of and interventions for Autistic Disorder. However, only a small proportion of this literature has focused on the progress of individuals with autism as they move from childhood and adolescence into adulthood. This paper is a critical review of the current empirical studies that have addressed prognosis in this population in terms of diagnostic severity, cognitive functioning, language, academic performance and social outcomes. The overall pattern of change is considered and factors that appear to influence or predict outcome in adulthood are reviewed. Limitations in this pool of literature and recommendations for future studies are discussed.

Research highlights
► Critical review of the empirical studies of prognosis in individuals with autism.
► The literature indicates that outcomes are variable.
► Limitations in this pool of literature are highlighted.
► Recommendations for future research are provided.