Additional considerations for the early detection and diagnosis of autism: Review of available instruments

Once considered rare, autism is now viewed as a common and highly debilitating condition that has generated great interest among mental health professionals worldwide. The disorder is quite heterogeneous, can be very debilitating, and has a lifelong course. The general consensus among researchers, therefore, is that intervention should start at a very early age as a means of enhancing prognosis. The linchpin of early treatment is early detection and diagnosis. As a result of this recognized goal, psychiatrists and psychologists have been engaged in intensive efforts to develop methodologies and methods which will allow for the identification of autism at two years of age or younger. The current review focuses on research for early detection and diagnosis, relevant issues in identifying the disorder, and available assessment methods and instruments for making a diagnosis. Recommendations for future research are provided.

► Diagnosing autism before age 10 is possible, and should involve a reliable measure.
► Only at-risk children should be screened.
► Assessing core autism symptoms should be accompanied by evaluation of comorbid psychopathology, challenging behaviors; common medical conditions such as seizures, and progress on developmental milestones.