Sensory processing abilities and their relation to participation in leisure activities among children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD)

Children with autism may have atypical sensory processing abilities, which are known to impact child's performance and participation. However, lack of information exists regarding the expression of these abilities in specific groups on the spectrum, as children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). This study aimed to characterize the sensory processing abilities of children with HFASD and examine their relationship to participation in leisure activities. Participants were 50 children aged 6–11 years: 25 children with HFASD and 25 with typical development. Sensory processing abilities were examined by the short sensory profile (SSP). Participation was assessed by the children's assessment of participation and enjoyment (CAPE). Children with HFASD had atypical sensory processing abilities. They also had lower participation in leisure activities expressed in limited range of activities, performed less often, mainly alone and at home. Their atypical sensory processing patterns were correlated with lower participation, specifically in social, physical and informal activities. In conclusion, children with HFASD may have atypical sensory processing abilities and restricted participation. Intervention should refer to each of these parameters and to the relationship between them in order to enable optimal inclusion of children with HFASD in society.