Traitement conservateur du cancer et des hyperplasies atypiques de l'endomètre en vue de préserver la fertilité : revue de la littérature

In endometrial carcinoma (EC) and atypical hyperplasia (AH) diagnosed in childbearing years, the principle of uterine sparing consists in prescription of antigonadotropic treatment to obtain the remission of the endometrial lesion and allow pregnancy, always with a close follow-up looking for progression or persistence of the tumour. Studies evaluating this strategy have suggested the safety of such an approach, but numerous questions remain unanswered, like those concerning the type and the duration of treatment, and the systematic use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies… We performed a critical literature review in order to analyse patients and tumoral characteristics, treatment management and the results of fertility sparing strategy. This review shows that fertility sparing management of AH and intramucous EC permits to obtain pregnancy in one third of candidates. Few disease-related deaths have been reported after this management. One-third of patients experienced progression lesion beyond the endometrium, but generally limited to the myometrium. Progestins have been widely evaluated in this indication and provide an overall remission rate of 80% with a recurrence risk of 25%.