Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for some patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with high-risk disease, such as those with MDS, in second (or subsequent) complete remission or those with poor-risk cytogenetics will benefit the most from this approach. With current transplantation techniques, outcomes have improved over recent years. Although relapse and graft-versus-host disease still are important problems faced by these patients, novel approaches have been developed to decrease the risk of complications, with excellent results.