Herceptin and breast cancer: An overview for surgeons

IntroductionHER-2 over-expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and represents a key marker and determinant of patient outcome. Trastuzumab/Herceptin (TZ) is a recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody which targets HER-2. Introduction into clinical practice has significantly improved the natural history of HER-2 over-expressing tumors and has altered the standard of care for these women. This article reviews the established and emerging roles of TZ in the management of breast cancer (BC).MethodsLiterature review facilitated by Medline and PubMed databases.FindingsThe clinical utility of TZ was first established in the management of HER-2 over-expressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC), with improvements recognised in both the quality and quantity of life. Prospective randomized controlled trials have consistently demonstrated the efficacy of TZ for early breast cancer (EBC) in the adjuvant setting with significant improvements in disease free and overall survival. Emerging roles for TZ include neo-adjuvant therapy and the treatment of progressive disease. TZ is well tolerated and safe, however, associated cardiac dysfunction remains a significant clinical concern.ConclusionHER-2 status is critically important in the management algorithm for BC and should be determined in all cases. Quality assurance of laboratory testing is of paramount importance. TZ has an established role in the management of HER-2 positive MBC and EBC in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy. Appropriate patient selection and monitoring for cardiac dysfunction are required.