Interactive software for estimating the efficacy of non-isothermal heat preservation processes

The most commonly used methods to generate microbial inactivation curves are based on the assumptions that microbial mortality follows first order kinetics and that the temperature effect on the ‘D value’ or exponential rate constant is determined by the log linear model or the Arrhenius equation, respectively. However, many bacterial cells and spores follow the Weibull–Log Logistic (WeLL) model and software to simulate pasteurization and sterilization processes using this model has been available for some years as free downloadable programs written in MS Excel®. According to this model, an organism's heat resistance parameters are Tc, a marker of the temperature level where the inactivation accelerates, k, the steepness of the Weibullian rate parameter in the lethal regime where T ≫ Tc and n, a measure of the semi logarithmic isothermal survival curve's concavity and its direction. Because the traditional first order kinetics is just a special case of the Weibullian model with n = 1.0, the software is applicable to both linear and non-linear inactivation. Recently, Wolfram Research Inc., the maker of Mathematica®, has made its interactive program Mathematica Player® free downloadable software. A user, who need not have a copy of Mathematica®, can view and download any of the numerous graphic demonstrations from the Wolfram Demonstrations Project web site, and continuously manipulate their dynamic parameters with sliders on the screen. One set of five such demonstrations allows the user to generate and adjust the temperature profile of heat processes, modify the targeted organism's Weibullian survival parameters and immediately observe the corresponding semi-logarithmic survival curve and the equivalent time at a reference temperature, which can also be manipulated by a slider. This free program enables food microbiologists, technologists and engineers to examine a large number of heat processing options and assess their potential safety implications. It can also serve as a training and educational tool in industry and academia.