کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
4409555 | 1307490 | 2013 | 6 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
![عکس صفحه اول مقاله: Detection, occurrence and fate of 22 psychiatric pharmaceuticals in psychiatric hospital and municipal wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China Detection, occurrence and fate of 22 psychiatric pharmaceuticals in psychiatric hospital and municipal wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China](/preview/png/4409555.png)
The liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS) method coupled with an automated solid-phase extraction procedure has been developed to identify 22 psychiatric pharmaceuticals, including seven anxiolytic-sedative-hypnotics, six antidepressants, and nine anti-schizophrenia drugs, in wastewater samples from two psychiatric hospital wastewater treatment plants (P-WWTPs) and three municipal wastewater treatment plants (M-WWTPs) in Beijing, China. Analyte recoveries from spiking experiments in the WWTP influent and effluent at three concentrations ranged from 70% to 110%, excluding sulpiride, ziprasidone, and olanzapine. Method detection limits for five, eight, and nine analytes in the WWTP influent and effluent were 20–80, 1–16, and <1 ng L−1, respectively. High psychiatric pharmaceutical concentrations (e.g., ∼942 ng L−1oxazepam, 5552–12,782 ng L−1 clozapine, 2762–9832 ng L−1sulpiride, and 2030–4967 ng L−1quetiapine) were frequently observed in P-WWTP influent compared to M-WWTPs. Although P-WWTPs typically had higher removal rates, significantly higher concentrations of the target compounds were observed in the P-WWTP secondary effluent than in the M-WWTP influent (e.g., ∼752 ng L−1oxazepam, ∼8183 ng L−1 clozapine, ∼10,833 ng L−1sulpiride, and ∼1168 ng L−1quetiapine). Thus, the discharge control of psychiatric pharmaceuticals from psychiatric hospitals requires improvement.
► We developed LC–MS/MS analysis of 22 common psychiatric pharmaceuticals in wastewater.
► Higher influent pharmaceutical concentrations were observed in P-WWTPs than M-WWTPs.
► Higher effluent pharmaceutical concentrations in P-WWTPs with higher removals.
► Pharmaceutical removals mainly happened in the secondary treatment of these WWTPs.
Journal: Chemosphere - Volume 90, Issue 10, March 2013, Pages 2520–2525