Dioxin-like compound compositional profiles of furnace bottom ashes from household combustion in Poland and their possible associations with contamination status of agricultural soil and pine needles

A compositional profile of PCDDs, PCDFs, non- and mono-ortho PCBs, and PCNs of several type furnace bottom ashes obtained after the heating muffle stove for domestic use combustion of hard coal, coke, wood, and solid domestic waste mixture have been examined as possible contributors to environmental diffusion with these compounds in Poland. The uppermost concentration of dioxin-like compounds with 2.0 ng TEQ kg−1 dry weight found for wood ash was dominated by PCDDs and PCDFs, while for other types of ashes were in the range from 0.052 ng TEQ kg−1 to 0.67 ng TEQ kg−1 dry weight. The multivariate statistical analysis displayed some compositional similarity of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCNs between the ashes and environmental pine needle or agricultural soil matrices collected in Poland.